ANATOMICAL STRUCTURE OF ANTHROPOID APES. 97 



The beard is, as we know, common to man and 

 apes. Among apes it is more strongly developed in 

 the male than in the female, and this is also the case 

 in the human species, Darwin points out that the 

 growth of the beard both of men and apes occurs at 

 the period of their sexual maturity, and also that 

 there is a remarkable parallel between men and apes 

 in its colour. For when the human beard varies in 

 colour from the hair of the head, which is frequently 

 the case, it is, without exception, of a lighter, and 

 .generally of a reddish hue. Darwin observed this 

 in England, and Hooker found no exception to the 

 rule in Russia. J. Scott carefully observed the 

 numerous races which are to be found in Calcutta, 

 as in other parts of India, namely, the two Sikh 

 races, the Bhoteas, Hindus, Burmese, and Chinese. 

 Although most of these races have very little hair 

 on the face, Scott found that in all cases without 

 exception, in which there was any difference in 

 colour between the hair of the head and the beard, 

 the latter was of a lighter shade. In apes the 

 colour of the beard often differs widely from that of 

 the hair of the head, and in such cases it is always 

 of a lighter shade, often white, sometimes yellow or 

 reddish. 



" It is well known," says Darwin, " that the hair 

 on our arms tends to converge from above and below 

 to a point at the elbow. This curious arrangement, 

 so unlike that in most of the lower mammals, is 

 common to the gorilla, chimpanzee, orang, some 

 species of Hylobates, and even to some few American 

 monkeys. But in Hylobates agilis the hair on the 



