102 ANTHEOPOID APES. 



graphs of Brazilian negroes which is in my posses- 

 sion. This characteristic is also absent, even in 

 many portraits of West African and Mozambique 

 blacks, tribes from which the slave population of 

 Brazil has been chiefly drawn. Many Mongolians, 

 Malays, Papuans, and Polynesians have short, thick 

 necks, but this characteristic is more rare among 

 the American aborigines and among Europeans. If 

 we are to recognize an approximation to the simian 

 type in this formation, it is one common to several 

 nations, and it is not confined only,- nor even chiefly, 

 to the negro races. 



The remarkable elongation of the upper limbs of 

 anthropoid apes cannot be compared with the length 

 of the corresponding limbs in men. For although 

 among negroes and the members of other primitive 

 peoples we may occasionally observe unusually long 

 arms, yet these are individual peculiarities which 

 are also found among Europeans, and cannot be 

 counted among racial characteristics. 



The hand of the orang and the gibbon is too long 

 and narrow to be directly compared with the human 

 hand. The chimpanzee and the gorilla, especially 

 the latter, have hands more like those of man. In 

 the case of an adult male gorilla the first glance at 

 this member reminds us of the knotty fist of a black 

 dock labourer or lighterman, like those who, at Eio 

 de Janeiro, Bahia, or La Guayra, lift the heavy bags 

 of coffee and place them on their heads or on their 

 herculean shoulders. Much has been said of the 

 enlargement of the connective skin between the 

 bases of the fingers of a negro hand, and of the 



