ANATOMICAL STRUCTURE OF ANTHROPOID APES. 113 



the immediate connection of the frontal and squa- 

 mous portion of the temporal bones, as theromor- 

 phological characteristics, but he does not believe 

 the occurrence of this process to be restricted to the 

 lower races.* This is also the opinion of Ten Kate. 

 However this may be, the establishment of this 

 theromorphological formation is important. Its im- 

 mediate value as a contribution to the theory of the 

 origin of species remains, as we shall presently see, 

 even if we cannot trace it through intermediate and 

 lower types. 



Ill the great prominence of the supra-orbital ridges 

 which has been observed in some pre-historic human 

 skulls, a likeness to the corresponding feature in 

 anthropoids has been traced. And indeed there is 

 such a likeness, especially to the female chimpanzee, 

 in the well-known Neanderthal skull, which is very 

 dolichocephalic, with prominent supra-orbital arches, 

 only divided from each other by a shallow depression. 

 In the same skull the development of the supra- 

 orbital ridges is related to that of the frontal sinuses. 

 In this pre-historic specimen — which, by the kindness 

 of Professor Schaafhauser, I was able to examine 

 closely at the congress of anthropologists at Berlin 

 in 1880 — the forehead retreats in a marked manner 

 towards the ilattened region of the crown. De 

 Quatrefages and Hamy say that the skull is both 

 flattened and long (dolichoplatycephalic). The tem- 

 poral ridges are not only very marked, but they 

 approach each other in the region of the coronal 



* Zii/r Kraniologie der Mongoloiden : Beobaehtmngen, und Mes- 

 sungen, p. 56. Dissertation. Heidelburg, Berlin, 1882. 



