ANATOMICAL STRUCTURE OF ANTHROPOID APES. 117 



by their pronounced scaphocephalism. On the 

 other hand, they have the prominent supra-orbital 

 arches, the retreating forehead, the skull compressed 

 in the temporal region, the prognathous countenance, 

 relatively shorter than that of Europeans, and in all 

 these respects the skulls of the Australians greatly 

 resemble those of anthropoids. If, for instance, we 

 turn to the illustration given by de Quatrefages and 

 Hamy of a skull procured from Carap-in-Heaven, 

 Arnhem's Land, North Australia, and also Dr. 

 Schadenburg's negro skull, the most determined 

 sceptic must be struck by their resemblance to the 

 anthropoid skull.* 



Similar characteristics to those which we have 

 already mentioned as distinguishing the structure 

 of the Australian skull, enable us to determine the 

 anthropoid character of the skulls of many in- 

 dividuals belonging to the dark-skinned African 

 races. These consist chiefly in the retreating fore- 

 head, the flatness and compression of the coronal 

 arch, the pronounced prognathism, and the obtuse 

 angles of the lower maxillary bones, which may be 

 noted in so many negro skulls. On the other hand, 

 the prominence of the supra-orbital arches is, as a 

 rule, less marked in African races than in anthro- 

 poid species. There are specimens, however, as, for 

 instance, the Congo skull given by de Quatrefages and 

 Hamy.t which give an overwhelming impression of 

 anthropoid characteristics. And we find the same to 



* Crania Eihnica, plate Exvi. j Zeitschn/t fur Ethnologie, series 

 12, plate viii. fig. 2. 

 t Crania Ethnica, plate xxxvi. 



