174 ANTHROPOID APES. 



of the long flexors of the digits, as well as by the 

 lumbricales muscles. I have been unable to trace 

 these Musculi contrahenies in the gorilla. In a female 

 chimpanzee I observed a Musculus contrahens for 

 the fourth, and another for the fifth finger, and the 

 same for the fourth and fifth toes. In the orang I 

 observed a Musculus contrahens for the fourth, and 

 one for the fifth fingers, and two faintly indicated 

 Contrahenies for the fourth and fifth toes. Similar 

 muscles of the second, fourth, and fifth fingers, and 

 of the fourth and fifth toes, may be observed in 

 the white-handed gibbon. 



In correspondence with the height of the pelvic 

 bones, the gluteus maximus of these animals only 

 displays a moderate width in comparison with its 

 length. The tendon which attaches it to the 

 femur extends low down, almost as far as the knee- 

 joint. The gluteus medius and minimus are also 

 long, in correspondence with this structure of the 

 pelvis, although they are attached to the large tro- 

 chanter, and to the posterior inter-trochantevic line. 

 The climbing muscle (Musculus seansorius), which 

 extends between the hip-bone and the condyles of 

 the femur, was discovered by Troill in the chim- 

 panzee, and by Bischoflf in the orang, and is described 

 by them as strongly made ; it appears to be absent 

 in the gorilla and the gibbon. The pyriformis 

 generally forms portions of the neighbouring muscles. 

 The tensor vaginae femoris, which is strong and wide 

 in most anthropoids, is either greatly reduced or 

 altogether absent in the orang. The sartorius is 

 not, as in man, attached to the inner surface of the 



