180 ANTHROPOID APES. 



attached. The first dorsal inter-osseous muscle 

 is, as in the same animal's hand (Fig. 53), attached 

 to the first phalanx of the second toe. The flexor 

 longus digitorum provides the third and fourth 

 toes with perforating tendons, and also gives off 

 a tendon for the great toe. On the little toe 

 there is a remarkably slender perforating tendon. 

 While the first of the two long flexors represents 

 the human flexor longus pollicis, the flexor longus 

 digitorum is in this instance limited to the little 

 toe. In the gibbon, as well as in the orang, the 

 gorilla, and the chimpanzee, the two muscles are 

 connected together by an aponeurosis. It may be 

 here mentioned that in the human foot the flexor 

 longus pollicis occasionally gives off a flexor for the 

 second and even for the third toes. In the gibbon, 

 as Bischoff justly observes, a muscle covers the 

 flexor longus digitorum, which is still undivided, but 

 already enlarged. From this " muscle perforated 

 tendons issue for the third and fourth toes. The 

 second toe is provided with such a tendon from the 

 flexor brevis digitorum. The muscle we have men- 

 tioned seems to represent the Quadratus plantte, 

 which is often developed in the otlier anthropoids, 

 although only to a slight extent. With respect to 

 the muscles of the small toe of the orang and gibbon, 

 I need only say that in the latter species the opponens 

 seems to be absent (Fig. 55). 



It will be seen from the foregoing account that, 

 in spite of several apparently important pecu- 

 liarities, in spite of great and manifold, variations 

 which are established, even although our authorities 



