204 ANTHROPOID APES. 



that, in bis opinion, all Esther's most striking charac- 

 teristics presented the strongest contrast to those of 

 apes, since only negative traits have hitherto been 

 established, while all which characterizes the positive 

 development of the psychical life of apes was absent 



in this case. The same remark applies to Ida X . 



Virchow goes on to say that there was undoubtedly 

 something brute-like in the defects in question, 

 but that in order to reproduce the animal in its 

 actual form and nature, so as to show that the 

 microcephalic child was really theromorphic, the 

 positive side of animal life must to some extent be 

 presented to us, and this was absolutely wanting. 



Virchow also had the opportunity of examining 

 a pair of twin children, one of whom was quite 



normally developed, while the other (Karl E -) 



was microcephalic. This was a very significant 

 case, since two individuals of the same birth were 

 under consideration, so that the question could be 

 asked with greater confidence — Is this atavism, or 

 a morbid condition ? From this point of view, it 

 was of special interest to establish the fact that the 

 microcephalic child had, in fact, displayed positive 

 signs of a morbid condition.* 



When I go through the accounts collected by 

 0. Vogt of the lives of well-known microcephalic 

 beings,! I can find nothing which specifically 

 reminds me of the actions and habits of apes, 

 although we have an intimate acquaintance with 

 their ways. These individuals give the general 



* Vehandlungen der ierlincr Anthropologischen Qesellschaft. 

 p. 28 : 1878. 



t Archil', flir Anthropoloqie, p. 129 : 1867. 



