PRACTICAL ARBORICULTURE 213 
expense now incurred, in the chemical treatment of piles with creosote, will be 
avoided in future and piles be supplied from timber grown near at hand. 
After two vears exposure in the waters of Pensacola Bay, beneath the 
Coal Docks of the Louisville & Nashville Railway, the officials report that so 
far the Catalpa timber has not been injured in the least by the teredo. 
TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE POLES 
will always be in demand, and indications are for material advance in prices. 
It is not unreasonable to anticipate good results from planting Catalpa for these 
specific uses, and if properly managed trees may be grown in a few years which 
will make first-class poles for either or both purposes. 
The increasing mileage of electric lines of railway and transmission lines for 
electric power can but create a further demand for supporting poles, which it 
will be necessary to provide for. Large numbers of telegraph poles are now 
transported from Idaho and Washington, to points three thousand miles distant, 
since the Michigan supply of white cedar has so greatly diminished. The demand 
from Northern States, requiring transportation for a much less distance, will fur- 
nish a market for Southern poles, while the durability of Catalpa makes this wood 
specially desirable for such expensive timbers as are required in this service. 
WATER TRANSPORTATION. 
The proximity to shipping ports on the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean 
give to the Southern points great advantages over lands situated farther in the 
interior, as shipments can be made to Mexico, and to European ports, while South 
Africa and South America, all practically treeless, require such timbers in very 
large quantities, and if all the waste lands of Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama and 
Florida were retained as forest or planted systematically, in forest, they could 
not supply the demand for timber from points easily reached by rail and vessel, 
hence there need be no fear for a market or of an over supply of forest products. 
WOOD PULP AND PAPER. 
New England, Canada and the extreme Northern States are now producing 
the principal bulk of wood pulp and paper, because in the North spruce timber 
and the poplars abound, and they are not so common, South. The question of 
supply of woods suitable for paper is already seriously agitating the great paper 
manufacturers. 
Experiments are being made with Catalpa wood for the production of pulp, 
by one of the largest mills in the world, from timber sent by this society for that 
purpose. Little doubt exists that it is well suited for the best book paper, since 
the fiber is longer than that of other woods which are now being used. Should 
this experiment prove successful a new opening will be offered for the disposi- 
tion of the waste portions of trees, or for growing timber for this specific use. 
The rate of increase for Catalpa in the South is four times greater than that 
of timber trees in Maine, Michigan, New York and other pulp manufacturing lo- 
calities : the financial returns, therefore, must be far in excess of that from timber 
