226 PRACTICAL ARBORICULTURE 
This is nature’s method of repro- 
ducing a forest of catalpa: When a 
tree ts felled, a shoot from the stump, 
having the force of the entire root sys- 
tem, quickly springs up into a tall, 
strong branchless stem, in a few vears 
becoming a full-grown tree. 
Following after nature’s method, 
we recommend the development of a 
strong root system, regardless of the 
irregular growth of the top during 
two or three vears, after which the 
stem may be cut off at or near the 
ground while the tree is dormant. 
The upright stem results: all sur- 
plus shoots that start should be re- 
moved, leaving but one, the strongest. 
The distance 14x14 feet seems to 
be the most satisfactory for a perma- 
nent plantation—222 trees per acre. 
But in order to occupy the ground, 
prevent injury by winds and properly 
shade the ground, four times as 
many trees are planted, or 7x7 feet, 
being 888 trees to the acre. 
As soon as these have attained a 
suitable size, in seven to ten vears, 
the temporary trees are removed and 
used for fence posts, mine timbers 
and other uses. 
The rapidity of growth will de- 
pend upon the character of soil, 
length of season, cultivation given 
during the first three years, and 
moisture obtainable. 
Shade and forest conditions, so 
called, secured at the expense of root 
vitality, ai not compensate for loss 
of vigor and absence of good culti- 
vation during the first three years. 
After first year cultivation should be 
very shallow with harrow. 
ONE OF THE CATALPA TREES EXHIBITED ; 
AT THE WORLD'S FAIR, ST. LOUIS. Branches of catalpa are very persist- 
EIGHT, 100 FEET 
EET GaAs E 1M ent. They do not fall away when dead, 
but remain as dead pins. Each annual growth of new wood encloses them until, 
as the tree becomes mature, these dry sticks lead from the heart of the tree to its 
