232 PRACTICAL ARBORICULTURE 
Thorough cultivation is essential. In the autumn when the wood has 
ripened they are taken up, tied in bunches of 100 and heeled in for the winter. 
In spring, with the ground well prepared, furrow out deeply rows seven feet 
apart, and plant trees seven feet in the rows, the intermediate spaces being 
cultivated in potatoes, corn, or some non-vining vegetable. Neither weeds nor 
grass should be permitted to grow, a sod of grass will quickly ruin the catalpa. 
The trees will thus form tall upright trunks, with few side branches. After 
the fifth year the shade and falling leaves will protect the tree, without further 
cultivation; it may be sooner. By the eighth year all trees should be removed 
except the permanent stand, not closer than 14x14 feet, in order to give room 
for the roots and each its share of moisture. This will give 222 permanent 
trees per acre. 
The cost of planting will vary according to local conditions. The land 
should be such as would produce a fair crop of corn. 
ESTIMATE PER ACRE. 
Valuecotuland Say o.26 oot ae ao ie en ee ees $20.00 
Preparing “the land) ycaiunnee tue ten aie aia an de oes 5.00 
SSO ECCS YI TERE said Mekie aieaen bcelde hint ct ted nln erates 8.00 
Labor. plantins and <cultivating e.yo seeks yoee. de weeds 5.00 
Interest and-taxes,eight years: susie: gacee aaa 12.00 
$50.00 
At eight years three-fourths the trees should be removed. 
Each tree removed will supply two first-class posts worth Io cents each. 
The value of the land having been greatly improved, and a permanent 
income assured from the continued growths (as the trees are quickly renewed 
from the stumps) equal to a capital investment of $1,000 at 8 per cent interest. 
Cost will vary with location and management. 
EXTRACT FROM MR. BARNEY’S PAMPHLET, PUBLISHED 1876. 
Communication to the Railway Age by James M. Bucklin, C. E., an en- 
gineer on the Miami Canal in 1826: “The importance of the catalpa has for a, 
long time impressed itself so strongly on my mind that I have repeatedly, for 
the last forty years, urged upon railroad companies the great advantage to be 
derived by them from the propagation of these trees in large bodies. * * * 
The Board of Public Works of Illinois in 1835 ordered me to select lands for 
that purpose on the routes of the various railroads in process of construction, 
but the system was not carried out. 
“The employment of so durable a material would prove as beneficial as 
the use of steel in point of economy in the maintenance of railroads, and 
would dispense with the enormous cost of labor in constant replacement of wood. 
“In 1828 while Captain Smith, U. S. A., and myself were exploring the 
obstruction of the Wabash river, we unexpectedly discovered a lofty forest of 
catalpa of large size at the mouth of White River, below Vincennes, Ind. In 
