306 PRACTICAL ARBORICULTURE 
forms of the populus family which may be grown profitably. The Abele is of 
quick growth, easily propagated, requires little attention while growing, and 
makes good paper. 
The poor, sandy soils would be greatly enriched, and possibly be made of 
great value for cultivation in crops by a twenty-year service in growing Abele or 
other poplars, providing fires were kept out. 
Lombardy poplar, Canada balsam, or Balm of Gilead all have fibre suitable 
for wood pulp. As these are all grown from cuttings, the expense of planting 
need not be great. 
PINE SUCCEEDED BY NUT TREES AND HARD WOODS. 
We are frequently asked why these succeed pines and coniferous trees when 
the latter have been lumbered; some have asked if this is nature’s method of 
rotation. 
When pines are removed, there is no seed left to reproduce these forests, 
while small animals, birds, the wind and flowing water at times bring 
acorns, nuts, fruit of berry trees and light-winged seeds from long distances, 
and old, decaying stumps make excellent perches and nestingg-places for these 
great tree planters of nature. If frequent seed trees were left when clearing 
timber nature would reproduce the forest. This should always be done. 
PROFITS IN PAPER. 
Trees suitable for wood pulp need not be so large as for lumber, and a dozen 
years will produce good returns in the quick-growing soft woods. Yel- 
low poplar, which is not a poplar, but /iriodendron, willows, and similar soft 
woods are suitable for pulp, many of them may be grown from cuttings. All will 
grow on sandy land if moisture is present, although of course they make more 
progress in rich land. 
Essentially Northern localities are preferable for pulp. With land at low 
prices, taxation moderate and labor obtainable at fair rates, money will be well 
invested in growing paper stock. 
The Carolina poplar, or cottonwood, Aspen and Abele will grow in ten or 
twelve years, and may be planted 7x7 feet, or 900 trees per acre. 
Black walnut grows rapidly in moderately rich soil. The nuts should be 
planted in autumn or kept moist until early spring, and planted where the trees 
are to remain. They may be used to fill in gaps in the wood land, or with svstem 
placed in solid forest. Unless grass is abundant no cultivation will be needed in 
forest, but young groves should be thoroughly cultivated for several vears. 
In the South the pecan is destined to become and remain a profitable nut 
tree, and will always be in demand as timber. Where carriage spokes are to 
come from in the future is hard to tell. Pecan and other forms of hickory 
are becoming very scarce. Here, too, the nuts should be planted where thev are 
to remain, at least not attempting to transplant nut trees after the first vear. 
The chestnut is indigenous to New England, Pennsylvania, New York and 
the mountains of West Virginia and Tennessee. Here this tree should be exten- 
sively grown to replace the forests now so rapidly disappearing. 
