DISSECTION OF THE DOG 



69 



Ren sinister — /- - - 



v. renahs 



cord at the abdominal ring of the inguinal canal should now be noted. The 

 ductus deferens, enclosed in a fold of peritoneum, at once turns into the pelvis. 

 The internal spermatic vessels proceed towards the vertebral column and 

 the median plane within a peritoneal fold which can be followed to the kidney. 



Rbnes. — The kidneys are placed against the dorsal wall of the abdomen 

 and are embedded in loose areolar tissue generally containing a considerable 

 quantity of fat. In clear- 

 ing away the fat, care 

 must be taken not to 

 destroy the ureter and 

 the adrenal gland. 



Each kidney is bean- 

 shaped and presents two 

 surfaces, two borders, and 

 two extremities. The 

 dorsal surface is flattened 

 and applied to the sub- 

 lumbar muscles ; whereas 

 the ventral surface is 

 markedly convex and 

 covered by peritoneum. 

 While the lateral border 

 is convex, the medial 

 border is straighter and 

 notched by the hilus, in 

 association with which 

 are the renal vessels and 

 the ureter. The extremi- 

 ties are rounded. 



The two kidneys differ 

 in position and relations. 

 In regard to position, the 

 right organ is more cranial 

 than the left. This may 

 be indicated by saying 

 that the cranial end of the left kidney is on a level with the hilus of the right 

 organ. The ventral surface of the right kidney is in contact with the liver, 

 the pancreas, and the caecum ; while the corresponding surface of the left 

 kidney is related to the descending colon. The dorsal surface of both organs 

 is applied to the lumbar part of the diaphragm and the psoas muscles. The 

 adrenal gland, the ureter, and the renal vessels are related to the medial border 

 of both kidneys. The right kidney is within a short distance of the vena cava ; 

 and the left, of the aorta. Sometimes the right organ touches the vena cava. 



v 3 



Vesica urinaria 



_ Ductus deferens 

 Ampulla ductus deferentis 



Fig. 28. — Diagram of the urinary organs of the male. 



