144 DISSECTION OF THE DOG 



proximal row of carpal bones are four ligaments which together close in the 

 joint on all sides and form a capsule. 



Ligamentum radio-carpeum dorsale. — The dorsal radio-carpal ligament is 

 thin and membranous, and passes from the dorsal aspect of the distal end 

 of the radius to the cuneiform and scapho-lunar bones. 



Ligamentum radio-carpeum volare. — The volar radio-carpal ligament, dis- 

 posed similarly to the dorsal ligament, is thick and strong. In association 

 with it there are two definite bands. One runs from the radius to the 

 scapho-lunar bone : the other, very oblique in direction, unites the ulna 

 to the scapho-lunar. Small bundles of fibres also end on the pisiform 

 bone. 



Ligamentum collaterale carpi ulnare. — A not very well defined ulnar collateral 

 ligament joins the ulna to the cuneiform. A few fibres may be continued to 

 the fifth metacarpal bone. 



Ligamentum collaterale carpi radiale. — Much better marked than the ulnar 

 ligament, the radial collateral passes from the styloid process of the radius* 

 to the tubercle on the scapho-lunar. 



Artiottlatio ossis pisifobmis. — The pisiform bone is held in position by 

 five bands which connect it with (1) the ulna ; (2) the scapho-lunar ; (3) the 

 cuneiform (ligamentum piso-hamatum) ; (4) the fifth metacarpal bone 

 (ligamentum piso-metacarpeum) ; and (5) the third and fourth metacarpal 

 bones. 



Ligamenta intebcabpea. — The individual bones of the carpus are joined 

 together by dorsal, volar, and interosseous intercarpal ligaments. 



The dorsal ligaments (ligamenta intercarpea dorsalia) are six in number. 

 One joins the scapho-lunar and cuneiform, and three unite the members of 

 the distal row of bones. Of the remaining two, one runs from the cuneiform 

 to the unciform ; the other from the scapho-lunar to the trapezoid. 



The volar ligaments (ligamenta intercarpea volaria) are also six and have 

 the same connections as the dorsal ligaments, except that the more medial 

 of the two joining the two rows of bones passes from the scapho-lunar to the 

 magnum and trapezoid. 



The interosseous ligaments (ligamenta intercarpea interossea) are concerned 

 with the union of the different members of the same row of bones ; that is, there 

 are no interosseous ligaments running from one row to the other. 



Abticulationes caepo-metaoabpe^;. — The four members of the distal row 

 of carpal bones are joined to the bases of the five metacarpal bones by dorsal 

 and volar ligaments. 



The remaining articulations of the manus are similar to the corresponding 

 joints of the pes. 



Dissection. — Clean up the dorsal part of the chest wall and the lumbar 



