COMPLICATIONy IN CASTRATION 



47 



to descend into tlie scrotum. When both testicles are retained in the 

 abdominal cavity the animal is usually spoken of as a "double cryp- 

 torchid." 



A monorchid is an animal which has only one testicle. Animals in 

 M'hieh only one testicle has failed to descend into the scrotum are frequently 

 spoken of as monorchids. However true monorchids (Except as a result of 

 the removal of one testicle) are rare. 



Classification — Since the degree of descent of the testicle varies in 



Fig. 36 — Diagrammatic sltetch of operation for inguinal and scrotal hernia (rup- 

 ture). I. Internal abdominal wall; J, loop of intestine replaced in the abdominal 

 cavity; K, stump of spermatic cord from which the testicle has been removed; 

 L, tunica vaginalis in close proximity to the internal abdominal ring; M, ligature; 

 N, inguinal canal; P, internal abdominal ring. 



different animals it becomes necessary to classify ridglings into at least 

 three groups or classes. Thej' were formerly classified by "Farmer" 

 Wiles as : i> ■ 



No. 1. Testicles not in the scrotum but in the inguinal canal. Such 

 testicles can be felt on deep pressure. ("Low flanker.") 



No. 2. Testicles high up in the inguinal canal — too high to be felt even 

 upon deep pressure. ("High flanker.") 



No. 3. Testicles inside the abdominal cavity, 



