iS ANIMAL CASTRATION 



No. -4. Testicles inside the abdominal cavity with part of the spermatic 

 coi-d and sometimes the epididymis protruded through the internal 

 abdominal ring into tlie inguinal canal. 



No. 5 Patliological (diseased; testicles. 



AVliile the above classification by JMiles is not what may be termed 

 anatomically and surgically scientific, it was nevertheless valuable in 

 arriving at tlie exact status of a ridgling case. While acknowledging the 

 value of the work done by my first teacher — "Farmer" Miles — and the 

 usefulness of liis classification of ridgling horses into Nos. ], 2, 3, 4, and 5, 

 nevertheless such classification was crude, and in this day of progress 

 and development would not pass muster from a scientific viewpoint. The 

 anatomical classification possesses many advantages and will be adhered 

 to in handling the suliject. 



Miles' No. ] cannot projicrly be classed as a cryptorchid in any respect. 



(a) tSuiJrascrotdl ridgliiuj is a condition in which the testicle with the 

 spermatic cord is in tlie inguinal canal, but too high to be felt even on 

 deep pressure. ("High flanker.") This is the class oftenest encountered 

 in j'oung animals and corresponds with Miles' No. 2. The testicle is 

 usually firm and fairly well developed and always enclosed in the tunica 

 vaginalis. 



(b) Intrd-dhdomiiial richjliiig is a condition in wliicli the testicles are 

 located inside tlie alidominal cavity. Tliis is a genuine cryptorchid in fact 

 as well as in name. In sucli cases the testicles are usually soft and flabby 

 and not of the characteristic shape met with in stallions. This variety 

 corresponds to Miles' No. 3. 



(c) Inird-iiKjuiniil ridfjlin;/ is a condition in which the testes is inside 

 file alidominal cavity witli a jiortion of the spermatic cord and sometimes 

 the epididymis liigli up in tlie inguinal canal. (Fig. 50). This corresponds 

 with j\liles' No. 4. .Such cases are usually very confusing to the operator; 

 especially if tlie operator be a novice. 



(d) Anomalous ridgling is a condition wherein abnormally developed or 

 diseased testicles are encountered, viz. : hypertroi^liy, cysts — including der- 

 moid and dentigerous — solid fle.sliy tumors (sarocele), atrophy and adhe- 

 sions of the testicle to the parietal peritoneum, etc. Some of the above 

 enumerated anomalies and curiosities encountered in cyptorchid castra- 

 tion complicate tlie operative teclinic and liave a tendency to cause the 

 operator no little anxiety, annoyance and oftentimes embarrassment. If 

 further information is desired on cases of this cliaraeter the author takes 

 pleasure in referring tlic reader to Frederick Holiday, F. R. 0. Y. S., Lon- 

 don, England, as being tlic world's liest autliority. 



Objects iiiif] IiKJicatioiis — All ridglings sliould lie castrated for the 



