COMPLICATIONS IN CASTRATION 67 



and exhibit most of tlie objeetionablc qualities observed in llie ridgling. 

 In such cases it is oftentimes advisable to undertake the removal of the 

 testicles. In fact, the veterinarian is called upon to perform this opera - 

 tion much oftener than is usually imagined. 



Preparation — Same as for castration of the stallion. (See page 13). 



ISeason — Spring and fall. 



Age — Same as for castration of the stallion. (See page 18.) 



Restraiui — Same a.s for castration of the ridgling. 



Anatomy — The general anatomy of the parts is, of course, the same as 

 that of the stallion. (See pages 17.) However the testicles in this class 

 of animals are indefinitely located. There is no hard and fast rule witli 

 reference to their location which would be a definite guide in finding 

 them. They are usually outside the abdominal cavity, most frequently in 

 the inguinal canal, but in some instances they are found in the posterior 

 part of the scrotum. Figure 51 illustrates one of the author's cases in 

 which one testicle was high up in the inguinal canal and the other in the 

 scrotum. 



Instruments — Same as for castration of the ridgling. 



Position — Dorsal. 



Sterilization of Instruments and Cleansing Operator's Hands — Same as 

 for castration of the stallion. (See pages 20, 21.) 



Operative Technic — With the animal cast and tied, a careful search 

 for the testicles should be made in every conceivable direction and in every 

 logical location. If they can be felt, the operation is greatly simplified. 

 If they are concealed, the proper course to pursue is to open the scrotum 

 and proceed up the inguinal canal as in castrating a ridgling. When 

 found, the testicles should be brought out of the scrotal incision, provided 

 the spermatic cords are not too short to prevent it. If the cords are 

 short, pass the ecraseur up the canals and sever them. 



After-Care and Treatment — Same as for the ridgling. (See page 64.) 



