HERITABLE BASIS OF CRIME AND DELINQUENCY 93 
outcasts, as might have been anticipated, were found to be highly 
abnormal; 22 per cent were adjudged feeble-minded and 11 per 
cent were epileptic. Those of dull mentality were more numer- 
ous. Asa rule their schooling was very limited. Many did not 
know the name of the Kaiser. Several who were born in Breslau 
could not tell the name of the river upon which that city is sit- 
uated; others confused the Pope with the cardinal residing in 
Breslau, and for several, Prussia, Germany and Europe were 
synonymous terms. Some also were ignorant of the main points 
of the compass, the number of months and weeks in a year, and 
the name of Bismarck. However poor his educational advantages 
may have been, it seems improbable that a person of normally 
active mind could have grown to maturity and remained ignorant 
of such matters as these. 
Only a small percentage were not addicted to alcohol, the 
favorite form being brandy. The relatively small proportion that 
came from the upper classes almost without exception were 
mentally unbalanced and came from insane (g per cent), epi- 
leptic (12 per cent), or alcoholic ‘79 per cent) parentage. While 
the general morbidity of the group was high, few were physically 
unfit for labor. The majority, however, had been rejected as 
army recruits. Most of them had been from time to time un- 
skilled laborers of various kinds, and a great many originally 
came from the country. 
What was ascertained of the inheritance of these men indicated 
that a bad heredity was primarily responsible for much of their 
misfortunes. In a half of the cases there was a direct alcoholic 
psychopathic inheritance from either the father or mother. 
Doubtless more parental defect would have been discovered had it 
been possible to secure reliable data. 
The pedigrees of paupers, so far as they have been studied, 
show a large percentage of mental defect. The Eugenics Educa- 
tion Society in 1910 appointed a committee to investigate the 
families receiving poor relief. The investigation dealt not only 
with those who were poor through accident or misfortune, but 
with those families whose members showed a chronic disinclina- 
