THE CAUSES OF THE DECLINING BIRTH RATE 157 
Number of Children per Married Women of 15-45 Years in 
Rhode Island 
In Cities In Remainder 
over 10,000 of State 
Native white, native parentage. ... 2.4 | 
a “foreign parentage... . 3.9 4.6 
Foreign born..................... 4.6 4.8 
Canadian English, 1st generation. . 3.7 4.5 
“c “ce 2d iz3 3 ; 3 gi 3 6 
Canadian French, 1st generation... 5.8 6.0 
“ “ od “ce 4 ; 8 5 I 
English, rst generation............ a7 3.9 
f 2d ABT Sepia eels sien 2.5 2.8 
German ist generation........ .. 3.8 4.4 
i 2d a Ane 229 3.4 
Irish, 1st Me BR ALS 4.8 4.6 
ie 2d _ 4.3 4.1 
Ttalianes casio isiaies- Wied at 5.0 5.0 
Scotch, 1st ere rere 3.8 4.1 
“ad si Rakes 2.3 3.1 
Swedes, 1st i ee “cee ese 3.9 4.5 
“2d - iG ievenadeseed ? ? 
Other foreigners, 1st generation... . 4.2 4.4 
- - ad . 3.3 ? 
INatIVE ESTOS Gea e tea oven ee 2 3.3 3.7 
With the exception of the Irish with their higher urban birth 
rate and the Italians with the same birth rate in city and country, 
all classes, the foreign born as well as of the native population, 
have more children per married woman of child-bearing age in the 
country than in the city. Also the percentage of childless mar- 
riages is greater in the cities for both native (19.4 urban, 13, 
rural) and foreign born ( 8.4 urban, 6.5 rural). 
The study of Cleveland in relation to 48 predominantly rural 
counties of Ohio showed similar relations to those found in Rhode 
