162 THE TREND OF THE RACE 
and 10,000 inhabitants. The conditions just before the war 
(1913) are shown in the following table: 
Births, Deaths and Marriages in France for 1913 
Births\Deaths|Born Dead|Marriages| Divorces 
PATiSeccsiygie we heads 17.12] 15.67] 1.49 I1.21 1.07 
Cities 100-500,000.. ...| 18.98] 19.60] 1.25 8.47 61 
‘€ 30-100,000...... 18.23] 19.07] 1.09 8.15 58 
BO 30,000. sae 18.33] 20.10] 0.96 7 40 
€ 10- 20,000...... 19.06] 19.74 
BE TO O00, wiseies 20.46] 18.76 
Average of cities...... 18 .67| 18.68 
Average of restof France] 19.45 
It will be observed that Paris has a crude birth rate lower than 
any other class of cities, and that in general (the cities of 100,000- 
500,000 proving an exception) the birth rate increases as the size 
of the city diminishes. 
It is in Germany, which furnishes a greater wealth of data on 
the subject than any other country, that we find the clearest 
evidence of the relative unfertility of city stocks. The subject 
has been treated by a considerable number of writers (Mombert, 
Borntrager, Kriege, Roesle, Kaup, Stenger, Ballod) whose ver- 
dicts are in general agreement. The following table gives a very 
general survey of the relations: 
Births Per 1,000 Married Women of Child-Bearing Age in Germany 
Years Entire State In Cities In the Country 
1880-81........... 322 305 329 
1885-8622 dassees 329 as ore 
1890-91.......... 328 207 347 
1895-96.......... 317 279 343 
TQOO-OLs .-80 5s esa e as 305 266 337 
