THE SELECTIVE INFLUENCE OF WAR 219 
indemnities and suffer economic restrictions, but the people are 
left free to multiply and they frequently increase more rapidly 
than those of the victorious nation. The biologically defensible 
wars are wars of extermination, such as those carried on by the 
Dyaks and the Israelites. Wars for political purposes, and eco- 
nomic advantage, especially when they do not lead to the acquire- 
ment of new colonial regions in which to expand, often have 
little apparent effect on the biological fortunes of either party. 
The biological victory, such as it is, may often belong to the side 
which loses in battle. In future wars the successful nations may 
see to it that such a result will not follow. It would only be the 
part of consistency for those who justify war on the grounds of 
biological necessity to strive to convert future conflicts into wars 
of extermination. We have seen a tolerably close approximation 
to such a policy put into practice in the present great war. The 
widespread advocacy in Germany of the expropriation of the land 
of conquered nations, its settlement by Germans in order to in- 
crease the population and strength of the empire, and the banish- 
ment of the previous inhabitants or their reduction to hewers of 
wood and drawers of water should they prove sufficiently amen- 
able, reveals a grim determination to use victory to the utmost for 
attaining the desired end. Professor H. G. Holle (Polit.-Anthrop. 
Monatschr., 14, 1915) advises his countrymen: “If the national 
will to live, which has so gloriously manifested itself in the war, 
shall not yield to a culpable renunciation we must annex foreign 
dominions to the east and the west. . . . If we really come to 
make such dominions our own then such inhabitants, who on 
account of their race or characteristics are not adapted to us and 
upon whose gradual Germanization we cannot rely must be 
banished and their settlement must be imposed upon our oppo- 
nents as a condition of peace. If we then credit the freed land, 
which is more valuable to us than gold, against the war indemnity 
thinly populated France would willingly accept this condition and 
gladly take over any of the Walloons who desired to be French. 
Also in regard to the Polish inhabitants of our present eastern 
boundary so far as they do not wish to remain German, the 
