252 THE TREND OF THE RACE 
d’entraver les croisements. Elles se causent 4 elles-mémes le 
plus grand de tous les maux: l’abatardissement de la race.” 
In Ploss-Bartel’s monumental work, Das Weib, it is stated that 
race mixture in general increases the beauty of the female sex, 
a statement in which he is supported by Reibmayer (Inzucht und 
Vermischung beim Menschen, p. 64). Boas says that ‘“observa- 
tions on half-breed Indians show that a type taller than either 
parental race develops in the mixed blood; that the fertility of the 
mixed blood is unexceeded; and that I cannot find any evidence 
that would corroborate the view so often expressed, that the hy- 
brid of distinct types tends to degenerate.”’ E. Fischer, who has 
devoted an extensive study to the Boer-Hottentot hybrids of 
South Africa, describes them as of good vitality, fertile and effi- 
cient, and presenting no evidence of deterioration. According to 
Hoffmann the intermixture of native Hawaiian women with full- 
blooded Chinese has produced a physically and morally superior 
type, and Dr. Baelz maintains that the Japanese-Caucasian cross 
breeds are physically and intellectually the equals of the mem- 
bers of either pure race. 
With all the opportunity that has been afforded for the study 
of negro-white crosses it might be supposed that the biological 
status of such mixtures would be well known. But this is far from 
the case. The general opinion is that the mulatto is inferior in 
physical development, vitality, and especially prone to disease. 
Hoffmann quotes from the report of the Provost Marshal Gen- 
eral eleven statements of examining surgeons in the Civil War. 
Ten of these express an unfavorable opinion of the physical con- 
dition of the mulatto, and in only one instance was an opinion 
given favorable to the mixed type and that was based on only 
two cases which made it of no determining value. While the 
mulatto is not inferior in weight and is of intermediate height, his 
lung capacity is less than that of either pure race. According to 
Gould, the average lung capacity of white soldiers in the Civil 
War was 184.7 cubic inches; of negroes 163.5, while in the mulatto 
it was only 158.9. The chest circumference was found to be for 
whites 35.8 inches, for negroes 35.1, and 34.97 for mixed breeds. 
