CONSANGUINEOUS MARRIAGES 255 
in the West, the proportion to 1,000 negroes being in 1910, 252 in 
the South, 363 in the North and 473 in the West. They are also 
more common in urban than in rural communities. The decreas- 
ing proportion of mulattoes in the North and West which has 
occurred recently is probably due to the migration of negroes from 
the South. The urban negroes are often found in the slums or 
living in close association with the ‘‘tenderloin” districts where 
they mix with the lower elements of the white race and especially 
with those of foreign extraction whose antipathy to persons of 
color is not so strong as it is in the native American. 
There has been considerable complaint in the South over the 
amount of miscegenation that is still going on. It is not rare 
for white men to support a colored mistress, and temporary 
associations between the races are naturally much more frequent. 
It is very difficult to ascertain to how great an extent the increase 
in the number of mulattoes is due to irregular connections be- 
tween the races. We know little of the actual birth rate of 
mulattoes as distinguished from that of the pure negroes. And 
consequently we can draw no conclusion as to the natural fecun- 
dity of the products of negro-white crosses. 
That the mulattoes in Jamaica do not perpetuate themselves 
has been asserted by Elwick, and a similar statement has been 
made by Dr. Ivan for those of Java. If these statements are 
true—and they are difficult to verify,—the reason may well be 
other than the reduction of natural fecundity. The Rehboter 
hybrids studied by Fisher show a high fecundity. Their stock 
resulted from the unions of Hottentot women and a small band of 
Dutch, Germans and other Europeans, 27 in all, reinforced later 
by a few other Europeans who also married Hottentot women or 
women of mixed origin. The average number of children born to 
the parents of hybrid origin was 7.7. The death rate was low, 
and the stock was physically well developed. In this isolated 
community freed from the vicious environment under which 
race crossing so commonly occurs, the union of two distinct races 
produced a healthy and rapidly increasing stock. 
The Anglo-Polynesian hybrids on Pitcairn and Norfclk Islands 
