256 THE TREND OF THE RACE 
sprang from a small group of nine Englishmen, six Tahitian men 
and fifteen Tahitian women who settled originally on Pitcairn 
Island in 1790. In 1855 the population which had increased to 
200 removed to Norfolk Island whose population in 1905 num- 
bered 1,059, most of whom were descended from the original set- 
tlers. Sixteen returned to Pitcairn Island in 1856 where they 
rapidly increased and became a healthy, flourishing people. 
In his studies of half-breed Indians, Boas states that ‘‘the 
average number of children of five hundred and seventy-seven 
Indian women and of one hundred and forty-one half-breed 
women more than forty years old is 5.9 children for the former 
and 7.9 for the latter. It is instructive to compare the number of 
children for each woman in the two groups. While about ten per 
cent of the Indian women have no children, only 3.5 per cent of 
the half-breeds are childless. The proportionate number of 
half-bloods who have one, two, three, four or five is smaller than 
the corresponding number of Indian women, while many more 
half-blood than full-blood women have had from six to thirteen 
children.” 
That the hybrids between the races of man tend to sterility 
still awaits proof. We have no adequate evidence of sterility 
even in the hybrids between those races which are most distantly 
related. It has been claimed that marriages between different 
people of the same race, such as the Nordic and Mediterranean or 
Alpine are relatively infertile, but the evidence is far from proving 
that the causes are physiological and not social. From a study of 
a large number of marriages of different European peoples Prof. 
A. E. Jenks has drawn the conclusion that pure bred stock is much 
more fecund than cross bred stock. Since the conclusion if valid 
would have a far-reaching significance, it is desirable to consider 
critically the evidence on which it is based. The material con- 
sisted of 40,000 families of Minneapolis, Minn., 480 families of 
Sioux Falls, S. Dak., and 95 families of Benton Township, Lincoln 
Co., Minn. An enumeration was made of the number of unmar- 
ried offspring in the families of various nationalities in which 
both parents came from the same country and also in the families 
