272 THE TREND OF THE RACE 
alcohol of just the proper strength, the spermatozoa could be 
injured so that eggs fertilized by them developed in an abnormal 
manner. 
While most of the experiments on the hereditary influence 
of alcohol in animals are singularly lacking in conclusiveness, 
the recent work on guinea pigs by Stockard in collaboration with 
Craig and Papanicolaou has afforded data of a much more con- 
vincing sort. The animals used were first mated and shown 
to be capable of producing normal offspring before they were 
subjected to alcohol, and only healthy and fertile stock was 
employed. For six days per week the guinea pigs were subjected 
to the fumes of alcohol until they began to show signs of intox- 
ication, although they were never allowed to become completely 
intoxicated. After this treatment was continued for some time 
the animals were mated. Normal males were mated with alco- 
holized females and vice versa; and there were also matings of 
alcoholized males with alcoholized females. 
Out of ninety matings of normal females with alcoholized 
males thirty-seven gave negative results or early abortions; ten 
of the litters from the other matings were stillborn, and out of the 
forty-three litters containing living young, about thirty-five lived 
but a few days, while the survivors, forty-seven in number, 
contained many small and defective individuals. 
In thirty-three matings between normal males and alcoholized 
females seven gave negative results. Four produced only still- 
born young, and of the young from the twenty-two living litters, 
twenty-three died soon after birth. When both parents were 
subjected to alcohol, out of forty-one matings twenty gave no 
results, or early abortions. Fourteen resulted in stillborn litters, 
and the seventeen living litters contained only twenty-six young 
of which twelve died soon after birth. 
Contrasted with the foregoing is the outcome of ninety matings 
of normal guinea pigs giving sixty-six living litters with ninety- 
nine surviving offspring. 
These results are sufficiently striking, not only because of the 
considerable numbers of animals employed, but on account of 
