INFLUENCE OF ORDER OF BIRTH, ETC. 305 
Relation of Duration of Life to Size of Family 
Percentage dying at age groups indicated 
Number in family Total 
persons | Under 
20 | 20-40 | 4o-6o | 60-80 | 80+ 
Tabs scien ecto duaparantune eterna 41 58.5 22.0 4.9 027 4.9 
oe ee ee 85 42.4 24.7 18.8 9.4 | 4-7 
Mean 25 gis scraeeeis sla crews towne 126 476 | 23.8 | 14.3 9-5 | 4.8 
Sand 4: ox desve ence ss sucexs 313 36.1 | 25.5 | 19.2 | 14.4 | 4.8 
BANC Os 524 diate a erccnten sh apaccga eae 584 35-5 | 24.5 | 18.3 | 15.9 | 5.8 
Pan 8: ve eGien Leadaahewied 694 33.0) | 25.8 | 2767 | T6G | Fee 
9 ANd 105s @c2a0 gor ciormanes 683 32.8. | 22.2 | t7.9 | 27-4 | 027 
LANG 292d serene swaecreanoieeeiosts 396 33.6: | due | 18.4, | azo | 829 
Gzand Moris seve seve Loken 168 4Oca 27S | THsae | EP B «| Seo: 
100.0% | 35.2% | 23.4% | 17.7% | 16.4% | 7-3% 
2,964 | 1,044 | 693 525 486 | 216 
The table deals with 2,964 members of the Hyde family of 
America and is noteworthy in showing the high early death rate 
among families with but one child, and a gradual decrease of 
early death rate with increase of family up to families of eleven 
or more children. There is also a marked increase in the percent- 
age of offspring living to advanced ages (60+ and 80+) as the 
families become larger in size. The poor showing of the very 
largest families may be due to causes which have been already 
discussed. Miss Elderton has remarked that the high death rate 
among the early born in families or twelve or more “largely 
disappears if we exclude mothers of bad habits.” 
Data on the problem whether the first born are handicapped 
by the mere fact of their ordinal position in the family are very 
inadequate. Dr. Chase studied the physiques of 58 sets of broth- 
ers who entered Amherst College and found that the first born 
were strongest in four cases, the second born strongest in twelve 
cases, the third born strongest in twenty-eight cases. The 
students entered college at about the same age and were tested 
in the same way, but the small number of cases handled makes it 
unsafe to draw general conclusions. Pearson found that within 
