INFLUENCE OF ORDER OF BIRTH, ETC. 315 
Mortality of First Births According to Age of Mother (Gini) 
Taking Mortality from 19-21 Years as 100, the 
Age of Mother Mortality of the Respective Ages Becomes 
TO. OP ICSS i148 da whsta-aere bei Bx tSgs ELO 
BO haa anes ERS OME we. 380 
7 ne eae ae top a2 {ETO 
P32 DAS ieuyend & nabebed iy 220 
25=20 2%. acagm esos bins aS aPSE25 
Oy fac 12 a oe re ee I41 
20-34 weeaead eens os de Sgt, 22128 
BiG=AO:: Me! arias liask b es L. oe. 209 
AOE Save nts 28d Deus Pate 480 
It appears to be evident that when we make allowance for the 
unusual difficulties of the first birth, the increase of infant mor- 
tality as the age of the mothers increases is due mainly to ma- 
ternal age and not to the birth rank of the children. Birth rank 
per se after the first one or two births has little apparent relation 
to infant mortality. 
It is contended that parental age is related not merely to 
infant mortality, but to mortality of later ages as well. Gini 
states on the basis of returns from Budapest (1903-08) that the 
percentage of children who die before the death of one of the par- 
ents diminishes with the rise of age at marriage of the father and 
increases with the rise of age at marriage of the mother when it 
is more than 20 years. Data from New South Wales also indicate 
that women who marry later, despite the shorter duration of their 
marriage and their diminished expectation of life, actually witness 
the death of more of their children than do women who marry 
younger. As a very large part of the greater mortality of the 
children of late married mothers is due to infant mortality it is 
doubtful how much the later life of the children is really affected. 
Ewart gives some statistics of the relation between age of the 
mother and the height and weight of children when they have 
reached six years of age. The six year old children of very young 
