Al California Device. 61 
chine. It is so rapidly adjustable that recently in Napa County 
eighteen stumps were pulled in eighteen minutes, every root, 
however long, coming clear out of the ground with each stump. 
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The California Stump Puller. 
The Use of Powder-—Another means for the removal both 
of stumps and of growing trees which has come into quite wide 
use during the last few years, is high explosives, which have 
vastly cheapened the clearing of lands where either large trees 
or stumps have to be removed. Full instructions for the use of 
powder are furnished by the agents in San Francisco, and they 
often send an expert to start the work and give instruction if 
there is much ta be done. It has been estimated that the cost 
of handling trees and stumps with explosives is less than one- 
fifth that by hand grubbing, and the ratio of saving increases as 
the trees are larger, as powder is cheaper than muscle. 
Removing Shrubs and Brush.—In the case of removing 
shrubs of a somewhat tall growth, the top is made to help out 
the roots. This is done either with a good strong rope or a chain. 
To do this requires two men and a pair of horses, and two 
chains, each ten or twelve feet long. A chain should be placed 
