82 Side and Whip Grafts. 
A scion for a root graft is cut longer than for use in the top 
of the tree, for in planting the point of grafting is placed a little 
way under-ground. Such scions are usually cut with 
four or five buds. After the scion is in place, it only 
remains to wrap it closely with a piece of the waxed 
cloth or paper, in such a way that all the cut surfaces 
are covered, extending the wrapper a little below the 
split in the reot. Paint over the wrapper with warm 
wax put on with the brush, put a little on the top of 
the scion, and the graft is complete. 
Side Grafting—Another method which prevents 
splitting the stock is the side graft, shown in the ac- 
companying figure. It consists in bending the stock 
to one side and cutting in diagonally with a thin-bladed, 
sharp knife, a little more than half way through the 
stock. Into this open cut insert the scion so that the 
inner barks touch; then allowing the stock to straighten 
up, holds the scion firmly. Covering with a wax band 
drawn tight makes a good job, and such grafts make as 
good growth as the buds set the previous summer. 
This method can be used with stems or branches up to 
an inch in diameter, and is essentially the same as will 
be mentioned later as a side graft for working over old 
trees. In this style of grafting, a stub of three inches 
or more may be left above the graft, and to this the 
graft can be tied to prevent blowing out if it makes a 
strong growth. Afterward the stub is cut back with a 
sloping cut and waxed or painted to prevent checking. 
Whip Grafting in the Stem.—Grafting above the 
root or in the stem of the stock when stock and scion 
are about the same size, is done by tongue | 
or whip grafting. The accompanying y),; 
sketch shows a whip graft in the stem of 
the stock. Grafts up to an inch in diameter can 
be made in this way, but it is generally used for 
smaller wood. Care must be taken to secure 
proper contacts of the inner barks at least on one 
side of the stock. After pushing the parts to- 
gether, a wax band holds them firmly in place, 
or the joint may be simply tied and painted over 
with wax. 
Al Root Graft—When the root stock and the 
‘ scion are about the same size, the tongue graft is 
also used, as shown in the figure. In making this 
both the stock and scion are given a sloping cut 
of about the same length, and a secondary cut made in each. 
When the two are put together, the wood ‘tongues in,” or 
t 
Side Graft. 
p Graft. 
Tongue Graft. 
