What the Fruits Contain. 157 
QUANTITIES OF SOIL INGREDIENTS WITHDRAWN BY VARIOUS FRUITS. 
(Compiled from analyses by Mr. G. EB. Colby, University of California.) 
FResH Fruit. Total Ash,| Potash. Lime. Sheer eate Nitrogen. 
1,000 pounds. Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. on Pounds. 
Pounds. 
Almonds f......0..005. 17.29 9.95 1.04 2.04 7.01 
APTICOtS seas vedenotnete 5.08 3.01 16 66 1.94 
Apples scsi dvcsseeeecas 2.64 1.40 aL +33 1.05 
Bananas .....s sees 10.78 6.80 -10 17 97 
CHEE ES iisesierussses 4.82 2.77 .20 92 2.29 
Chestnuts f. f 9.52 3.67 1.20 1.58 6.40 
Figs...... 7.81 4.69 85 86 2.38 
Grapes... 5.00 2.55 625 JET 1.26 
Lemons .. ee 5.26 2.54 1.55 58 I.51 
Olives ....... a5 13.50 g.11 2.43 1.25 5.60 
Oranges.......... wae 4.32 2.1 .97 +53 1.83 
Peaches ..... she stshatiotat 5.30 3-94" tae 85% I.20* 
PEATS' s5.lo assess aeiic sts 2.50 1.34 «19 -34 .90 
Prunes, French...... 4.86 3.10 -22 -68 1,82 
PWM cc entsccvsocteenes 5.35 3.4t* 25% -75* 1.81 
Walnuts tf... aoe 12.98 8.18 1.55 1.47 5.41 
t Including hulls. * Estimated. 
FIRST AID ,.TO THE INJURED SOIL. 
Based upon the clear characteristics of California soils as 
already indicated in the chapter on that subject, and supported 
by wide observation of results of fertilization, Dr. Hilgard gives 
these general suggestions :— 
Any large-scale fertilization should begin with phosphates 
and nitrogen, and, should this not prove fully satisfactory, then 
with potash also, this being the order in which these substances 
are likely to become deficient in most of our soils under cultiva- 
tion. In the course of time potash fertilization will become widely 
necessary in this State. Under continuous heavy cropping with 
small fruits, such as strawberries, potash fertilization has already, 
as a matter of fact, become necessary at some points, and will 
gradually become more so. On the gray soils of the foot-hills of 
‘Amador and Placer Counties it is necessary from the very outset, 
these soils being as poor in-potash as Eastern lands. The same 
is true of some of the sandy lands of the interior. 
AVAILABLE SUPPLIFS OF PHOSPHATES. 
Phosphatic manures are now being supplied to fruit growers 
by importers and manufacturers located in various California 
cities, and results attained by their use are such as to warrant 
continuance. They are bone afd rock phosphates, which are 
