162 Value of Waste Products. 
Valley have been opened, and the material, which has shown 
value by analysis in one case of above $14 per ton, is finely 
ground and placed upon the market in a business way. The 
deposit mined by George C. Roeding & Co., of Fresno, is sev- 
eral acres in extent and at some points the material is ten feet 
deep. 
Seca manure is usually counted richer and quicker, though 
not so lasting in its effects, as stable manure. Being highly ni- 
trogenous, too free use of sheep manure tends to excessive 
growth of wood, especially on young trees. Old bearing trees 
may be benefited by such a stimulant. 
VARIOUS WASTE PRODUCTS. 
The care advised in saving and treating barn-yard manure, 
hen manure, bones, ashes, etc., should be extended to other waste 
products of the farm. Soapsuds should be allowed to run to 
adjacent trees unless used in the flower garden. Peelings and 
corings of fruit, cut for drying, should be fed to pigs and the 
resulting manure secured. It is not wise to corral the swine in 
a dry run in the summer and allow the manure to be sluiced out 
by the winter rise of the stream. 
Prunings.—Prunings of the orchard and vineyard should be 
burned between the rows, in small piles, so as to distribute the 
ashes well. Danger to adjacent trees may be avoided by using 
portable, home-made tin shields on the sides of the fires. It is 
not wise to carry all the prunings to the side of the highway and 
burn them there and allow the ashes to be lost. Vineyard prun- 
ings are sometimes cut up with an arangement like a straw- 
cutter, which reduces them to bits about an inch in length. They 
are then scattered over the surface of the ground, turned under 
at the next plowing, and soon decay. Where, through light- 
ness of soil and short rainfall, the woody fiber does not readily 
decay, burning upon an iron sled about ten feet long is practised. 
At its front is a V-shaped iron rod, to which a horse can be 
hitched. On the sled are flaring sheet-iron sides and perforated 
bottom. This is filled with brush, a fire kindled, and as the horse 
moves forward fresh brush is added, while the ashes by its 
motion are sifted out very evenly all over the vineyard. 
Refuse from Wineries—VYhe fermented husks, stems, and 
seeds, all containing valuable fertilizing properties, are often 
spread on the road and in holes, where it is of no account what- 
ever. If scattered over the vineyard, much valuable substance 
would be returned to the soil. In some soils application of raw 
refuse would be undesirable because of the acidity developed. It 
is usually safe on calcareous soils, and for other soils should be 
