184 The Miners’ Inch. 
To get the number of gallons in miners’ inches, multiply the given 
number of inches by 14.961, pointing off five decimals. The result will be 
the number of gallons discharged per second. 
To get the miners’ inch in gallons, divide the number of gallons flow, 
or discharge per minute, by 8.9766. The result will be the number of 
inches sought. 
One miners’ nee in saat Leh waned 15. .ceseccssenee snennance coens 0.1496 
Per minute... Sewascen 8.976 
Per hour.,.... 538.56 
Per day.. 12925.44 
Per mont! + 293,418 
Per year... & 45721, 017 
This will cover an acre over fourteen feet deep in a year, and cover ten 
acres about eighteen inches deep ; or would give to ten acres six irrigations 
of three inches each. 
It may be stated, however, that the extreme service claimed 
for water is from eight to ten acres of trees and vines or five to 
six acres of small fruits per miners’ inch—meaning the amount 
of one inch running constantly, but to be handled in multiplied 
inches applied at intervals. 
RANDOM SUGGESTIONS. 
Without attempting an impossible thing, to wit, to furnish 
explicit directions for the practise of irrigation, for much of it 
every man must learn for himself by experience, a few sugges- 
tions may be noted, even though more important ones do not 
come to mind:— 
Usually water should be prevented from actual contact with 
the trunk of the tree. Citrus trees are especially sensitive to 
such contact, and resent it by ‘‘gum disease,’ which was for- 
merly far more prevalent in the State than now. Care must, 
therefore, be taken not to set trees which are to be irrigated, 
too low. It is better to raise them up a little and draw the earth 
up around, them to prevent approach of the water. 
If possible, the ditch should run on the shady side of the 
tree, because reflected sunshine from the water surface may burn 
the bark. 
In examining soil to ascertain dryness, one must dig deeply, 
for often an upper layer will be fairly moist, if well cultivated, 
while lower lavers, where the feeding rootlets are, will be arid. 
Therefore, when trees or vines are suffering, dig far down in 
examining the soil. 
In irrigating, thorough, deep soaking is necessary, and ex- 
amination must be made to see if an artificial hard-pan which 
prevents the descent of the water has been formed. 
Be careful not to continue irrigation too late in the season. 
It will prevent the proper dormancy of deciduous trees, and if 
more fall irrigation is given citrus trees than they need for per- 
fecting the fruit, the trees will continue growing tender shoots 
