Exposures and Sotls for the Apple. 189 
ond crop is half grown. Even such behavior may be followed 
by regular blooming the following spring. Second crops of 
apples are not of amount nor regularity enough to be of much 
economic importance, as the second crops of pears and grapes 
sometimes are. The third crop occasionally ripens. 
Exposures for the Apple—The choice of exposure for an 
apple orchard may almost be inferred from what has been said 
about localities. In regions with high summer temperature the 
apple will do best on cool, northerly slopes, and this exposure 
becomes doubly desirable when the location has high temper- 
ature with only moderate annual rainfall, or where the soil is 
not well adapted to the retention of moisture. With such pre- 
vailing conditions, the apple will be grateful for the cooler air 
and the greater moisture of the northerly slope. Where the 
temperature is moderately cool, and the rainfall adequate, the 
matter of exposure is of less account, and the grower can make 
the existence of the best soil the test of location of his orchard. 
At elevations on the sides of high ranges where late cold storms 
are liable to rush down from higher snow fields, protection from 
the usual course of such storms, or from the course of cold 
winds generally, must be sought; and directly upon the coast, 
especially in the northern part of the State, in certain places 
where the peach does not usually succeed, even the apple may 
need protection, and the benefit of all heat available, and then a 
southerly or southeasterly exposure becomes desirable. The 
choice of exposure is thts seen to be largely a local question 
and to be determined by a knowledge of local conditions. A 
newcomer in a region can best learn these conditions by con- 
ference with older residents, or by personal observation of older 
orchards. 
Soils for the Apple—Experience with the apple in Califor- 
nia confirms what has long been set forth as its choice of soils 
in older regions. If one avoid an extremely light, sandy soil 
on the one hand, and a very stiff clay or adobe on the other, he 
may plant apples on almost any soil which allows extension of 
the roots to a considerable depth without reaching standing 
water. The apple thrives in a moist soil, but it must be well 
drained, naturally or otherwise. A soil which may be called 
best for the apple is a deep, rich, moist, calcareous loam, but the 
tree will thrive on coarser materials. The subsoil, whatever its 
nature, must be sound and open to the passage of moisture. 
The most unfavorable condition for the tree is a subsoil of clay 
which holds water. There is some difference in varieties as to’ 
choice of soil. The Yellow Bellflower, for instance, will do well, 
on a lighter soil than the Yellow Newtown Pippin. 
