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Apples for Various Places. 193 
Summer and Fall Appics.—In some regions noted for early 
maturing of fruit, it is profitable to grow early apples, providing 
there are facilities for reaching profitable avenues of trade. Ex- 
cept to minister to some special local or distant trade which can 
be thus foreseen, it must be said that early summer and fall 
apples are hardly worth the attention of the commercial planter. 
These sorts are apt to come into direct contest with the magnifi- 
cent peaches, grapes, and other summer and autumn fruits, and 
suffer thereby. 
Winter Apples—For large ventures in apple growing, in 
localities carefully chosen for especial adaptations, a few of the 
finest varieties of winter apples should be selected. These, a’ 
reported from the different counties, can be learned from the 
table. It is the judgment of the most experienced apple 
growers, many of whom have old orchards including many vari- 
eties, that new plantations of winter apples should contain only 
about six sorts. Of these, in all parts of the State, three would 
be the Yellow Newtown Pippin, White Winter Pearmain, and 
Yellow Bellflower; the other half of the half dozen would be 
differently made up in different parts of the State, as can be 
learned from the table which will follow. 
Apples for Long Shipment.—There has been for years quite 
an important trade in shipment of California apples to various 
ports in the South Pacific Ocean, and recently there has been 
a sharp demand for California apples for shipment to the east- 
ern States and England. The characteristic size, quality, and 
keeping of the fruit, together with the size and style of package, 
have strongly commended the fruit. The center of this trade 
(1899) is Watsonville, in a coast valley, in the central part of the 
State. The two apples which are most popular are the Yellow 
Bellflower and the Yellow Newtown Pippin. It is an interest- 
ing fact that these varieties by virtue of quality have overcome 
the popular fervor for a red apple. 
For the Interior Valleys—In choosing varieties for the hot 
valleys of the State those making a heavy leaf growth are to be 
preferred. The Spitzenburg, for example, is a failure in the val- 
leys of the interior. From experience already had it seems 
likely that some of the Russian varieties, with thick, large leaves, 
will prove best for such situations. The behavior of the Astra- 
cans, the Duchess of Oldenburg, and others of Russian origin, 
are illustrations of this fact. Other varieties have been on trial 
for several years, but no great distribution of them has yet been 
attained. 
VARIETIES CHIEFLY GROWN IN CALIFORNIA. 
Of the hundreds of varieties of apples tested in California, 
comparatively few are now grown, as has already been suggested. 
