PART ‘POURTH: THE GRAPE, 
CHAPTER XLV, 
VINE PROPAGATION AND PLANTING. 
The culture of the grape is one of the great branches of 
California horticulture. Its three chief divisions are: Grapes for 
the table, grapes for wine, and grapes for raisins. In all these 
branches the product has far exceeded local requirements and 
has become an important item in the export trade of the State, 
and yet, though grape products have reached large amounts, 
the producers are still confronted with problems in the growth 
of the vine and in the manufacture and marketing of its products 
which will require the fullest devotion, the keenest intelligence, 
and the brightest spirit of enterprise, to bring to satisfactory 
solution. The attainments of the industry can be measured by 
the statistics of the shipments of grapes, raisins, wine, and 
biandy, which are given at the close of Chapter VI. During re- 
cent years, owing to the spread of phylloxera in certain regions, 
the fact that the raisin product had apparently reached the limit 
of the consuming capacity of available markets and the depres- 
sion in the wine interest, the grape acreage of California has 
decreased from the figures of a decade ago. The outlook at the 
close of the century has, however, some very encouraging 
features. 
THE GRAPE AREA OF CALIFORNIA. 
The grape has a very wide range in California. If the im- 
mediate seacoast and the higher altitudes on the mountains be 
excepted, the grape may be planted with a good chance of suc- 
cess anywhere if soil and local topography be suitable. As has 
been shown in Chapter I, the vine can approach quite close to 
the ocean if some shelter from prevailing cool winds be afforded, 
and quite high on the mountains if one keeps out of depressions 
where late frosts are frequent. In planting the grape in doubt- 
ful situations much depends upon choice of proper varieties. 
For example, in the cool air of the coast region and the short 
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