Vines Grown from Cuttings. 285 
a layer usually bears the second year and is then detached from 
the parent vine. 
Both the layers described are iaid down early in the spring, 
before growth starts in the vine. Summer layers of the current 
season’s growth are sometimes made, but are not usually satis- 
factory. 
Growing Vines from Cuttings—This is the prevailing 
method in this State both to secure grafting stocks and to grow 
vines on their own roots. In growing from cuttings, different 
policies are adopted, 1. e., placing the cuttings in permanent place 
in the vineyard, or rooting them in nursery to be afterward 
transferred to the vineyard as “rooted vines.” First, the various 
kinds of cuttings will be considered, and their placing mentioned 
later. 
Growth from Single Eyes.—The use of single eyes or single 
buds, the shortest possible form of cutting, is not large in Cali- 
fornia, but some growers have reported good results. The 
Single Eye Cutting 
method is to prepare the cuttings as shown in the engraving, 
and plant them carefully, with the bud upwards, in well-prepared 
soil, covering the cutting completely, but very little under the 
surface. Success depends upon retention of moisture in the 
surface soil to induce rooting, and mulching is advisable. The 
method of propagation, too, seems best adapted to the moister 
parts of the State, whence, in fact, most success with it has been 
