290 Cleft Grafting the Wine. 
ways for working into old stumps, two are given below, as those 
most commonly employed in this State. The first is called ‘‘lat- 
eral cleft grafting” and introduces the scion by a side cut into 
the stock without splitting across. The earth is removed from 
the old vine down to its first lateral roots, and the top is sawed 
off cleanly a few inches above the first laterals. A cut is then 
made into the side of the stump with a knife and mallet, as is 
shown in the figure. The scion is then cut long enough so that 
one bud will remain above-ground when the surface is leveled 
again, the bottom of the scion being given an oblique wedge- 
shape, so as to fit the crevice in the stock. Some care is needed 
in shaping the wedge of the scion. A fit like that shown in A 
in the sketch will not succeed, while one in which the surfaces 
are in contact, as in B, will give good results. 
Common Cleft and Lateral Grafts. Scion in Position. 
The manner of inserting the scion is shown by another en- 
graving, which also pictures a wedge which is used to force the 
cleft open a little. If the cut is well made and the end of the 
scion so adjusted that the stock will pinch it when it is pushed 
into place, nothing more will be needed except to smear over 
the cut surface of the stump and the joint of the scion and stock 
with clay or with a mixture of two parts clay and one part fresh 
cow manure. If the scion is held firmly and sealed in with this 
mixture, it usually needs no tying, and the hole can be carefully 
filled with loose earth, with a strong stake to mark the place of 
the graft, and to which the new growth can be securely tied 
