Planting Vines. 297 
I make my cuttings of wood of the previous season’s growth, about 
three feet long. I lay out vineyard with a plow, crossing furrows at right 
angles at the distance desired for the vines. At the intersection of the fur- 
rows, dig holes twenty inches deep and twenty inches long, and the width 
of ashovel. The holes should be dug all on the same side of the furrows, 
or in a corresponding angle of the intersecting furrows. The butt of the 
cutting is placed from the intersection; bringing the top at the exact inter- 
section, with two buds above the surface. ‘The end of the hole at the inter- 
secting part must be perpendicular, so as to give the top of the vine a 
perpendicular position from the elbow of the vine at the bottom of the hole. 
To make this elbow when the vine is placed, slip the foot on the cutting and 
cover with soil and tramp down. I have found this mode of planting the 
most successful. It gives a larger amount of roots than perpendicular 
planting, and the roots are low enough below the surface to be out of the 
reach of ordinary drouth, and the same time none are so deep as to be 
cold and slow of action in circulation. In covering, be careful to place the 
soil close about the perpendicular part of the cane, and up full with the 
general surface, but back from this part the hole may be left in the form of 
a sink, to catch and hold moisture during the first rainy season. 
Planting Rooted Vines—-Planting rocted vines is governed 
by the same rules commended for planting trees in Chapter XI, 
so far as preparation of holes, care in placing and firming the 
soil around the roots, etc., is concerned. In handling rooted 
vines there must be greater care in packing and _ transporta- 
tion to prevent the 100ts from drying, and in carrying to the 
field it is generally advised that the plants be kept in a pail or 
other receptacle with water. The vine roots are very small and 
tender, and success will largely depend upon good care of them. 
At planting all dead roots should be trimmed away and the top 
reduced to a single cane cut back to two eyes. 
When to Plant-—The exact time to plant can not be stated, 
for the condition of the soil and the local season-points are the 
best guides. Planting can be done much later as a rule in the 
coast regions than in the interior, because the soil is usually 
later in getting into good condition of mellowness and warmth, 
and the late rains are usually heavier. It is certainly not ad- 
visable to place cuttings in cold, wet soil, and dry soil will quickly 
destroy their vitality. The suggestions given in Chapter XI 
should be carefully considered. The planter must use good 
judgment in choosing his time for planting, aided in forming it 
by the best local experience he can get. 
Cultivation of Vineyard.—-Generat suggestions concerning 
the cultivation of the vineyard have already been given in Chap- 
ter XIII, preceding. 
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