302 Long Pruning with Stakes. 
graving shows a stump-pruned vine with some canes cut short 
and some long, according to a system which will be mentioned 
presently. 
Thompson’s Seedless Long Pruned.—W. R. Nutting, Fresno. 
In stump pruning there is a difference of practise as to low 
heading according to locality. In the interior regions the vine 
is now headed almost at the surface of the ground; in the coast 
regions there is usuaily a stump of one to two feet or more. As 
with trees so with vines, the practise is to prune to make lower 
heads than during the early years of California fruit growing. 
Loug Pruning.—Some varieties grown for market and for 
raisin making do not thrive if pruned by the short-spur system. 
‘Notable among these are the Sultana, Thompson’s Seedless, 
