Sulphuring Vines. 307 
shoots. P. C. Rossi, a large vineyardist, recites this experience, 
both in the San Joaquin and Santa Rosa Valleys. 
We had all the vines affected by frost entirely stripped of the damaged 
shoots, and we had the pleasure of seeing that, in a short time after, all the 
dormant buds came out finely, with their regular two bunches of grapes; 
therefore we have lost only one-third of the crop. In order to make care- 
ful experiment we left a row of vines untouched, and the result proved that 
the vines that were not stripped did not do as well as the others, as the 
dormant buds in many cases did not come out, and those that came out 
were not healthy and strong, and hardly had any grapes. The damaged 
shoots that were not removed died gradually, and at the junction with the 
cane new shoots came out without any grapes at all. The result clearly 
proves that we will have fully two-thirds of the crop out of the frost-bitten 
vines which were stripped of the damaged canes, while we had hardly any 
first crop and only a second crop on the vines which were not attended tu. 
DISEASES OF THE VINE. 
One of the most prevalent diseases of the vine in California 
is caused by a fungus which affects leaves, canes, and berries, 
and is locally known as “mildew.” This disease is recognized 
by grayish white coloring of the affected leaves, which, as the 
disease progresses, shrivel and dry up; the young cane also 
blackens and dries, and the berries show whitish patches, which 
become darker colored and the berries crack open. The usual 
remedy for the trouble is finely-ground or sublimed sulphur 
applied several times during the season. The application is 
The Sulphur Bellows. 
made with a “dredge” or a bellows. The dredge is a tin cylin- 
der with a handle at one end like that of a ‘‘sugar scoop” and the 
opposite end periorated finely. Another form resembles the 
spout of a watering-pot, the sulphur entering through the 
handle, and fine gauze covering the face instead of perforated 
metal. By a proper movement of the arm the sulphur in the 
cylinder is thrown against the perforated end, and enough finds 
egress from the small holes to shower the vine. The dredge is 
best fitted for use on smali vines or for use early in the season, 
