308 Other Vine Diseases. 
when the growth is just starting from the stump. When larger 
spread of sulphur is desired, the bellows may be used. The 
remedy should be a little in advance of the disease, and in regions 
where the mildew appears regularly, sulphur is applied about as 
soon as growth starts in the vine, a second application about 
blooming-time, and a third when the berries are the size of 
peas. 
The Bordeaux Mixture and other copper preparations are 
sometimes useful upon grape-vines, as will be cited in the chap- 
ter on plant diseases. 
Couwlure-—A frequent misfortune of the vine, and for which 
no remedy is yet known, is cculure, a te:m signifying the failure of 
the fruit to set or to remain on the cluster. This occurs in vary- 
ing degrees from the loss of a few berries to the almost complete 
clearing of fruit from the stem. It is worse with some varieties 
than others and in some localities than others. The trouble is 
believed to arise from various causes, 
There is, also, occurring with more or less frequency, a red- 
dening and death of the vine leaves, supposed to be identical 
with the trouble known to the French as “‘rougeole.’”” The leaves 
show light-colored spots at first, which afterward turn red and 
finally involve the whole leaf or cane, and sometimes the whole 
vine. It usually occurs i midsummer, and is not necessarily 
fatal in its effects. 
Root Knot.—An evil occurring on the main stem of the vine, 
generally near the surface of the ground, is an excrescence of 
woody character commonly called “black knot.” There has 
been much discussion as to the cause of this abnormal growth, 
without iull agreement among observers. Some attribute the 
knots to injuries to the stump in cultivation, others to outbursts 
of sap which the short pruning system does not give top growth 
enough to dispose of, and to various other causes. This is an- 
alogous to the ‘crown knot” of fruit trees which will be mentione 1 
in the chapter on plant diseases. 
Anaheim Disease—There has prevailed for several years a 
mysterious disease of the vine in southern California, known as 
the “Anaheim disease,” because its evil work first appeared in 
that vicinity. It destroyed many thousand acres of vines and 
led to the abandonment of grape growing in same regions. 
The disease has thus far baffled scientific inquiry as to its cause. 
The fullest statements concerning it can be found in Bulletin 
No. 2, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Division of Vegetable 
Pathology. by Newton B. Pierce, 1892, and Farmers’ Bulletin 
No. 30, 1895. Fortunately during recent vears the trouble has 
not been aggressive. 
