Training up the Orange. 363 
-branch-sawing in later years. The young tree as it comes from 
the nursery usually starts upon an upright course. If stopped 
at about three feet it can be brought along to develop strong 
and well-arranged branches, much as has been described for de- 
ciduous fruit trees in Chapter XII. The adjacent engraving, 
Fig. 1, shows a young tree in planting condition, stopped at 
three feet and needing only a slight cutting back of the laterals 
to be ready to begin its orchard life. If young trees are trans- 
planted short distances and at the right time they do not need 
so much cutting back as is commonly given them. If allowed 
to grow from the start shown in Fig. 1, pruning only to prevent 
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Fic. z. Branch-form of Orange before Removal of Lower Branches. 
long branches from running out at random, and ‘removing 
branches which may start strongly from near the base, the tree 
will assume the branch-form shown in Fig. 2 and at from two 
to three years after planting in the orchard. At about this age 
the removal of lower branches begins, as they have served their 
purpose in shading the trunk and bearing the first fruit. These 
‘branches are removed one bv one until, when the tree is five 
years in the orchard, it has lost all branches below the two-feet 
line except the one branch marked “a” of which the upright- 
growing part will be retained. The higher branches assume the 
