398 The Mulberry. 
Hammon, in his wide distribution of it in 1884, now prevails. 
It is large and handsome, very prolific, ripens early, and is 
usually free from mildew. 
The Champion, an Oregon seedling grown by, Seth Lewell- 
ing, is medium sized, very smooth, and thick fleshed, the seeds 
being few and small. They are entirely free from mildew, and 
are clean, bright, and beautiful. 
THE MULBERRY. 
Nearly all varieties of the mulberry have been introduced 
in California and grown rapidly and thriftily. Most attention 
has been paid to those varieties most suitable for feeding silk- 
worms, but the fruiting varieties are also grown here, though the 
fruit has assumed no commercial importance. The mulberry 
is grown readily from cuttings. The fruiting varieties thus far 
chiefly distributed are the Downing Everbearing, the Persian, 
the New American, the Russian, and the Black Mulberry of 
Spain. All these bear large and desirable fruit. The last 
named, introduced by Felix Gillet, of Nevada City, is growu 
quite widely. The mulberry has a long season; the Persian 
ripens in Tulare the last of May and continuously thereafter 
until October. 
THE RASPBERRY. 
The raspberry is another of the great small fruits of Cali- 
fornia. It thrives over a great area of the State: in fact, there 
are few situations in which it can not be grown, if proper atten- 
tion is given to retention of moisture in the surface soil, and to 
giving the plants partial shade in the heated valleys, and the 
cooler exposures in the foot-hills. The raspberry, skilfully 
pruned and generously fed and cared for, is almost a constant 
bearer, as has already been intimated. It is a continual delight 
in the home garden, and always brings a high average rate in 
local and metropolitan markets. 
The culture of the raspberry is in the main like that of the 
blackberry, as already described. The red varieties, which are 
the kinds almost exclusively grown in this State, are propagated 
by suckers and root cuttings like the blackberry, but the “black 
caps” are propagated by layering the cane tips during the grow- 
ing season. Bending down a cane with its branches and cover- 
ing lightly with soil and with a light mulch to retain moisture, 
will result in free rooting of the buried parts, and one can some- 
times secure a dozen plants by the layering of a single cane with 
its laterals. 
The pruning of the raspberry is also by the renewal system, 
as advised for the blackberry. . The tepping off of new canes, 
