The Raspberry. 399 
when they reach about three feet in height, the subsequent 
pinching of laterals which are thus forced out, the resolute thin- 
ning out of sprouts so that but three or four strong canes are 
allowed from one root, the faithful repression of all weeds, the 
maintenance of a loose surface layer of the soil by very shallow 
cullivation, the free application of manure and of water unless 
a continually moist condition near the surface can be secured by 
eultiation and mulching,—all these are among the essentials of 
cultivation which will secure abundant fruit and a long bearing 
season. However, as has already been stated with regard to 
blackberries, there are large plantations which pursue a less 
careful system of cultivation. 
Continuous bearing of the raspberry may be secured in 
those varieties which endure the treatment, by cutting out a 
cane as soon as its fruit is gathered, the force of the plant being 
then devoted to the fruiting of a second cane, which has previ- 
ously been pinched, and a third shoot is pinched and allowed to 
mature its wood to carry oyer and bear the first crop of the fol- 
lowing year. A succession of sprouts is gained by pinching 
off the tips of some as soon as they have grown up a few inches, 
which results in the growth of later shoots lower on the stems. 
In this way a succession of fruit is obtained. 
The Cuthbert and other strong-growing varieties, after the 
pinching at about three feet from the ground, will send out lat- 
erals which will bear late in the fall, and the same cane will bear 
a crop early in the following spring, when its career is ended 
and it should be removed. 
Raspberries are planted about three feet apart in the rows, 
and the rows about six feet apart. They can be well grown 
nearer together than is required for blackberries. 
Farieties of the Raspberry—The old varieties have been 
largely replaced by the Cuthbert, which is the universally pop- 
ular and most largely-planted sort, having: been found trust- 
worthy as a grower and as a free and constant bearer. The 
good points of the Cuthbert, as representing the experience of 
many California growers, include the following: A profuse 
grower, with healthy and rich foliage, which protects fruit from 
sunburn: an excellent bearer with the fruit well distributed 
through the bush; the fruit comes off easily, and does not crum- 
ble, is of fine flavor, and ships well. The Turner, Herstine, 
and New Rocnelle varieties are grown to a limited extent; and 
the Barter, a re-named variety, the identity of which is un- 
known, has always retained a degree of popularity in the foot- 
hill region of Placer County, where it first appeared. 
The Black Cap varieties thrive fairly in most parts of the 
State, but do not sell well in the markets, and are only grown 
