The Woolly Aphis. 441 
ing of the trees with sulphur, after spraying with cold 
water. On a large scale the sulphur is applied in a cloud by 
means of a modification of the broad-cast barley sower. On 
a small scale it may be applied with a bellows as for grape-vines, 
cr shaken from a cheese-cloth bag at the end of a pole. Some 
growers prefer a spray to sulphuring, and the following, recom- 
mended by G. P. Hall, of San Diego, is verv cheap and satis- 
factory: Take 20 pounds of sulphur, mix it to a paste—not 
sloppy—with cold water, in a barrel; then add to this wet sul- 
Red Spider: Young and Mature, Highly Magnified. 
phur to pounds of caustic soda 98 per cent, and it will boil the 
sulphur just like lime slaking; have 20 gallons of water to add 
to it as it boils to prevent its burning. This is a stock solu- 
tion, and when ready to spray put 40 gallons of water in another 
barrel, and take one-half gallon of the stock solution and add to 
it, straining it to prevent sediment from getting into the spray. 
Phyllexera——tThis pest of the grape-vine is closely allied to 
the aphides, and lives both upon the root and leaf, though in 
this State the root type prevails and the leaf form is seldom 
Woolly Aphis and Injured Roots. 
seen. No remedy has yet been found effectual, but escape is 
had by using roots resisting the insects, as described in Chapter 
XXIV. The insects are recognized, by the aid of a magnifier, 
as minute yellow lice, chiefly on the rootlets. 
29 
