Mealy Bugs. 447 
scale has a length of a quarter of an inch, and a width of one- 
eighth of an inch. This scale attacks nearly all kinds of decid- 
uous fruits, but especially the prune and apricot. It is a very 
a scale, and the remarks about the black scale apply to it 
also. 
Other Lecaninims.—--There are several other lecaniins on fruit 
trees: The filbert scale (hemisphericum), which is common in 
greenhouses and occurs to limited extent on citrus trees; the 
frosted scale (pruinesum), very large, oval and convex, cov- 
ered with deuse, whitish bloom, occurs on deciduous fruit trees. 
Cottony Cushion Scale or Fiuted Scale ({cerya purchasi).—This 
promised at one time to be the most grievous of all scales in its 
rapid increase and wide range of food plants, but it was speedily 
reduced by an Australian ladybird, Novius (Vedalia) cardinalis, 
introduced by Albert Koebele, with such success that specimens 
are now rarely seen. 
Mealy Bugs.—Closely allied to the scales are the mealy bugs 
(species of dactylopius), soft and of a pale pink color, generally 
covered with a whitish mealy powder, hence the name. The 
common species is found in nearly every greenhouse in the 
Mealy Bugs, Chiefly upon Citrus Trees. 
world, and in California climate lives in the open air on many 
kinds of plants, and has at various times proved quite trouble- 
some. Unless checked by natural enemies, the mealy bugs mul- 
tiply very rapidly, and mass themselves in the corners of the 
leaves. The plants turn black irom the fungus growth growing 
on the honeydew, and the bush presents the same appearance as 
a scale-infested plant. With the aid of a magnifier the appear- 
ance of the mealy bugs, as shown in the engraving, can be read- 
ily recognized. 
‘Remedies for Scale Insects—Though most of the scale in- 
sects are attacked by parasitic and predacious insects, as already 
stated, these natural agencies have only in certain cases proved 
rapid enough to cope with the increase of the scales, and in- 
secticides have to be employed to save the fruit and trees. There 
is a vast number of these washes, many of which will do good 
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