448 Remedies for Scale Insects. 
work if thoroughly applied, which is usually the secret of suc- 
cess. A few which have proved of special value will be given 
herewith :— 
A WINTER WASH FOR DECIDUOUS TREES WHEN LEAFLESS. 
Lime, Salt and Sulphur Remedy.—The following formula has been 
used with great success throughout the State: Forty pounds of un- 
slaked lime, twenty pounds of sulphur, fifteen pounds common stock salt, 
water to make sixty gallons. Boil ten pounds of lime and the twenty 
pounds of sulphur in twenty gallons of water for an hour and a half, or 
until both lime and sulphur are dissolved. The sulphur must be thor- 
oughly dissolved and mixed with the lime: the mixture will then be of 
an amber color. Then slake in an empty half-barrel thirty pounds of 
lime with soft hot water, using enough water to thoroughly slake the 
lime, and while it is boiling add fifteen pounds of common stock salt. 
When the salt is well dissolved, add the contents of the half-barrel to 
the hot mixture in the boiler and boil the whole for half an hour and 
add water enough to make a total of sixty gallons of spraying material, 
which will then be a thin whitewash. The material should be strained, 
after being thoroughly mixed, through a fine wire strainer. Apply the 
wash milk-warm or warmer, with a spray pump. Use only when foli- 
age is off the tree. 
WASHES FOR ALL TREES WHEN IN LEAF. 
Kerosene Emulsion—Take kerosene, two gallons; common soap, or 
whale-oil soap, one-half pound; water, one gallon. Dissolve the soap 
in the water and add it boiling hot to the kerosene. Churn the mix- 
ture by means of a force pump and spray nozzle for five or ten minutes. 
The emulsion, if perfect, forms a cream which thickens on cooling. 
Dilute before using, one part of the emulsion with nine parts of cold 
water. To obtain this emulsion in proper form violent agitation is 
necessary, the time required depending on the violence of the agita- 
tion and temperature of the mixture. Professor Cook’s formula is this: 
“Dissolve in two quarts of water one-fourth pound of hard soap by 
heating to the boiling point, then add one pint of kerosene oil and stir 
violently from three to five minutes.” This is best done by use of the 
force pump. This mixes the oil permanently, so that it will never sepa- 
tate. Add seven pints of water and the wash is ready for use. 
Resin Soap—Take twenty pounds of resin, two and one-half pints 
of fish oil, three and one-half pounds of caustic soda (98 per cent), and 
enough water to make one hundred gallons. Place all the ingredients 
together in the boiler with water enough to cover them three or four 
inches. Boil from one to two hours, occasionally adding water until 
the compound resembles very black coffee. Dilute to one-third the final 
bulk with hot water, or, if cold water is used, add very slowly over the 
fire, making a stock mixture to be diluted to the full amount as used. 
When spraying, the mixture should be perfectly fluid and without sedi- 
ment. This mixture can be used twice or three times as strong on de- 
ciduous trees when dormant. 
INSECTS BORING IN TWIG, STEM, OR ROOT. 
The Common Borer.—An insect which has done vast injury 
in this State is the “filat-headed apple borer’ (Chrysobothris 
femorata). It affects chiefly apples, peaches, and plums. which 
have been injured by sunburn. It is a pale-colored grub with 
