Various Borers. 449 
a brown head, the forepart of the body being greatly flattened. 
The matured beetle is greenish black or bronze colored, copper 
colored on the under side. If any tree receives any damage to 
the bark, either by sunburn or other causes, the borer is sure 
to find it, and it works itself into the tree, its castings being the 
only guide to its presence. The best remedy is prevention by 
Flat-head Borer and Beetle. Sun-scald Peach Moth and Its Boring Larva. 
Borer. 
protection from sunburn, as described in Chapter XI. When- 
ever a borer is removed, the debris and dead wood should be en- 
tirely cleaned out and the smooth surface left, taking care to pre- 
serve the bark as much as possible. Then the wound should be 
smeared over with grafting wax, and a rag tied about it. In 
this manner young trees have been saved, but if seriously at- 
tacked, it is better to put in a sound tree and protect it. 
Sun-Scald Borer-—Another borer which delights in sun- 
burned trees is a minute beetle, making a burrow hardly larger 
than a pin-hole. It is known as the sun-scald beetle (Xyloborus 
wxylographus). The remedy, as in the former case, is to prevent 
injury to the bark, for this precedes the attack of the beetle. 
Peach Twig-Borer—This grub is the larva of a moth 
(4narsia lineatella), about half an inch in length when fully 
grown, and of a light reddish color. The moth, the worm (nat- 
ural size and enlarged), and the manner of its working in the 
peach, prune or apricot twigs, are shown in the engraving. The 
first brood of worms bore into fresh young shoots of peach trees, 
the second into the fruit. Any infested shoots should be cut 
off and burned, and no hiding-places for the insects allowed. It 
is in the spring that they show their work most plainly by the 
withering young shoots. These must be cut off and destroyed. 
The most effective treatment, however, is winter spraying. The 
value of the lime, salt and sulphur wash for this purpose has 
been long known, but why it was successful was not known until 
Ed. M. Ehrhorn, horticultural commissioner for Santa Clara 
County, found that the larvae passed the winter ensconsed in 
shallow burrows in the crotches of the limbs all through the 
