Treatment for Codlin Moth. 453 
more often three, and, naturally, if unchecked, the increase from 
the first to the last is enormous. The worms escaping from the 
fruit in the fall hibernate as larvae under the loose bark of the 
tree, or in storehouses, or in any available dry place. 
There is one sovereign remedy for the codlin moth, and 
that is the spray of Paris green. Its efficacy, when properly 
done and pure material is used, is demonstrated beyond ques- 
tion. It is possible to secure from 80 to go per cent of souid 
fruit where, without treatment, not Io per cent would escape the 
worms. 
It is essential that the poison go from a fine nozzle in a mist 
or cloud, and as soon as the mist covers the fruit and leaves 
with a film of moisture stop the spray on those surfaces. Let 
the fine particles of poison be planted by the medium of the mist 
upon every point of the surface. There must be constant stirring 
of the water in which the poison is suspended. An occasional 
stirring will not prevent settling and unequal distribution. 
One spraying may suffice for an early apple or pear, but 
medium or late fruit should have two or three sprayings to reach 
the offspring of later broods of moths. The first spraying 
should be done, as a rule, later than was formerly advised, be- 
cause it is now known that the moth does nox visit the blossom, 
but the fruit after it has attained some size. It is a fact, however, 
that the little worms, on emerging from the eggs, generally seek 
the calyx or eye of the fruit for entrance, and it is important to 
have poison there. For this reason the first spraying should 
be done before the sepals close over the eye of the apple. The 
worm will make its way through these turned-down sepals and 
its poison should be ready for it inside. It is easier to thor- 
oughly poison this cavity if the spraying is done while the little 
fruit still stands upright. Subsequent sprayings must be done, 
however, without regard to the position of the fruit. The later 
hatchings of the worms are more apt to enter through the sides 
of the well-grown fruit, especially at the point where the fruits 
are in contact with each other, and it is necessary to have the 
fruit continually covered with a film of the poison while these 
later broods are hatching out, spraying at intervals of three 
or four weeks, to be continued, less or more in number, accord- 
ing to the lateness of maturity of the variety. 
Paris green often contains an undue amount of free arsenic, 
which is likely to injure the foliage seriously. For this reason 
a formula which guards against it is desirable: Stir one pound 
of Paris green and one pound of powdered lime, with a little 
water, into a thin paint, and then thoroughly mix this paint with 
cold water, so that the strength shall be one pound of Paris 
green to 160 gallons of water. 
