234 THE DOCTRINE OF DESCENT. 
passing from the island of Bali to that of Lombock, 
where the two regions are in closest proximity. In Bali 
we have barbets, fruit thrushes, and woodpeckers ; on 
passing over to Lombock these are seen no more, but 
we have abundance of cockatoos, honeysuckers, and 
brush-turkeys, which are equally unknown in Bali or in 
any island further west. The strait is here fifteen miles 
wide, so that we may pass in two hours from one great 
division of the earth to another, differing as essentially 
in their animal life as Europe does from America.* It 
we travel from Java or Borneo to Celebes or the Mo- 
luccas, the difference is still more striking, In the first, 
the forests abound in monkeys of many kinds, wild cats, 
deer, civets and others, and numerous varieties of squirrels 
are constantly met with. In the latter, none of these occur, 
but the prehensile-tailed cuscus is almost the only ter- 
restrial mammal seen, except wild pigs, which are found 
in all the islands, and deer (which have probably been 
recently introduced) inthe Celebes and the Moluccas. The 
birds which are most abundant in the Western islands 
are woodpeckers, barbets, trogons, fruit-thrushes, and 
leaf-thrushes ; they are seen daily, and form the great 
ornithological features of the country. In the Eastern 
islands these are absolutely unknown, honeysuckers and 
small lories being the most common birds; so that the 
naturalist feels himself in a new world, and can hardly 
realize that he has passed from the one region to the other 
in a few days, without ever being out of sight of land. 
“The inference that we must draw from these facts 
is undoubtedly that the whole of the islands eastwards, 
* This is too vaguely expressed. It would be nearer the mark to say, a# 
Europe does from South America. (O. SCHMIDT.) 
