324 THE DOCTRINE OF DESCENT. 
Zum Streit iiber den Darwinismus, “ Augsburger Allgemeine 
Zeitung,” 1873, No. 130. 
6A short preliminary communication in the “Revue Scienti- 
fique” (Paris, 1873). No. 37. 
‘Braun, Ueber die Bedeutung der Entwickelung in der 
Naturgeschichte (Berlin, 1872). 
“ The vegetal kingdom shows us— 
“J. Plants, which in their vegetative development of the germ, 
exhibit a sexual generation, mostly in a thallus-like form. (Thallo- 
gens, Bryophytes, the Thallophytes of the authors, and Charas and 
Mosses.) 
“TI, Plants in which the first generation is transitory, and only 
the second develops into the vegetative, leaf-forming stem, with- 
out, however, advancing to the stage of phenogams. (Acrogens 
Cormophytes, the ferns, &c.) 
“TII. Plants in which metamorphosis advances as far as the 
formation of a blossom, yet without reaching the final formation, 
that of the formation of the carpel. (Phenogams without real 
fruit, gymnospermic Anthophytes.) 
“TV. Plants which reach the final and highest conclusion of 
vegetable development, that of true fructification. (Angiospermic 
Anthophytes ; Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons as secondary 
gradations.) 
88 As we have discussed in this chapter individual development 
with reference to historical development, we must also notice the 
strange opposition to the doctrine of descent offered by Kélliker. 
He has laid down his views in his “ Monographie der Penna- 
tuliden,” and, in a separate pamphlet, bearing the title of “ Mor- 
phologie und Entwickelungsgeschichte des Pennatulidenstammes, 
nebst allgemeine Betrachtungen zur Descendenzlehre” (Frank- 
furt, 1872). Whereas Darwinism derives the continuity and 
harmony of the organic world from variability, natural selection, 
heredity, and adaptation—in short, from palpable, visibly efficacious 
causes—K@Olliker is of opinion “that the same general formative 
laws which govern inorganic nature hold good also in the organic 
kingdom, and hence a common pedigree and a slow transformation 
of one form into another are entirely unnecessary for the explana- 
tion and comprehension of the accordance of the forms and series 
